Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can develop after a person experiences a traumatic and dangerous event. It is natural to experience fear as a result of a scary and shocking incident. In fact, the emotions are a part of our “fight or flight” response system intended to protect us from harm. When that fear and anxiety does not let up after a number of months, a doctor may diagnose a patient with PTSD.
Certain criteria lead to a diagnosis of PTSD. First, a person who suffers from PTSD may re-experience or re-live the traumatic event. This will come in the form of nightmares, flashbacks or scary thoughts. Second, a person with PTSD will often avoid situations that remind the person of the traumatic event. The person may stay away from places, events or even things that remind him or her of the event. Third, the person may experience hyperarousal, meaning feeling over-alert or constantly looking for danger. This can be experienced by a difficulty sleeping or concentrating. Fourth, the person may have feelings of negativity. It is common to feel guilt or shame even if the person did nothing to cause the trauma.
Psychologists and therapists treat PTSD with a variety of different methods. One common method is psychotherapy or “talk therapy” that focuses on dealing with the memory of the event and understanding the meaning of that memory. The goal of the therapy is to help the patient to remember the event without the overwhelming feelings of fear and anxiety. The specialist facilitates an understanding of how the trauma has impacted his or her thoughts. Some psychiatrists also prescribe medication. And, family support is a critical factor in treating PTSD.
The law recognizes that a victim of an accident is entitled to be compensated for the emotional harm brought about by the trauma. Specifically, jury instructions require that a jury recognize legitimate claims of emotional distress that include diagnoses such as PTSD. If a client suffers from PTSD, it is important to have a medical expert testify about the diagnosis of the disorder and the future care that is needed to treat the patient.
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